They are ideal for accurately measuring compressed air or steam. Vortex meters operate under the vortex shedding principle and measure volumetric gas flow. They excel in measuring the flow of steam and gases, and most ultrasonic meters have a turndown ratio of 50:1. One of the largest applications is in the custody transfer of natural gas, where they are used throughout the network in gathering, transmission, as well as distribution. UltrasonicĪ type of velocity-flow gas meter, ultrasonic gas meters use ultrasound to measure the speed of gas inside the pipes. They excel at many applications, including energy management, natural gas, biogas, flare gas, airflow and combustion control, and offer a turndown ratio of ~1000:1. Thermal Mass FlowĪlso known as immersible mass flow meters or thermal dispersion meters, thermal mass flow meters comprise a set of instruments that measure the total mass flow rate for gases through the heat convection from heated surfaces to the flowing gas. Measuring the mass of gas flowing through the meter by a physical principle called the Coriolis effect, Coriolis gas meters can handle a wide range of flow rates and have the highest accuracy of mass flow measurement. Additionally, they are inexpensive and highly resistant to chemical action, as well as thermal shock. Rotamers offer an extended measurement range with reasonable accuracy in low and medium rates. Used in the process industries for monitoring gas at plants or in labs or filtration loading, rotameters do not need any external power, making them a great fit in hazardous locations with flammable gases. Orifice plate meters offer a practical turndown ratio of 3:1. Besides their use in custody transfer of natural gas, orifice gas meters are the most popular method of flow measurement for industrial applications as they have no moving parts and are easy to field service. Orifice Gas MetersĪ type of differential pressure meter, orifice meters infer the rate of gas flow by measuring the pressure drop over an obstruction inserted in the flow. Typically, most turbine meters can handle high-pressure systems (as high as 2200 PSI) with high flow rates and provide a turndown ratio of ~10:1. They are most suited for applications that require highly accurate measurements and are also approved for custody transfer of natural gas. They primarily find application in the chemicals and oil industries. Using a small helix or turbine to determine the speed at which the gas is moving through the turbine, turbine flow meters deduce the flow of gas on a volumetric basis. They offer a turndown ratio between ~10:1 to ~80:1 depending on the make and the application. Their ability to handle higher volumes and pressures than the diaphragm gas meters (up to ~175 PSI) makes them suitable for a range of low to high capacity industrial and commercial applications. They measure the flow of gas through the number of rotations of the rotors (rotors let gas through only when they turn). Rotary Gas MetersĪnother type of PD gas meter, rotary gas meters are precision instruments with one of the highest accuracy rates in the industry. Diaphragm meters work best with low-pressure systems of 0-100 PSI with low flow rates. In addition to being reliable, low-cost, and long-lasting, they offer the best turndown ratios in the industry (~80:1), making diaphragm gas meters ideal for metering pilot gas, as well as custody transfer of natural gas. Diaphragm Gas MetersĪn excellent fit in residential gas billing, diaphragm gas meters are Positive Displacement (PD) gas meters that measure the volume of gas by displacing components within the meter. Note that most types of gas meters may come with the option of analog displays or digital indicators. Velocity based: Turbine gas meter, ultrasonic flowmeters and vortex gas meters.Variable Area based: Rotameter gas meters.Thermal Dispersion based: Thermal mass flowmeters.Positive Displacement based: Diaphragm gas meter and Rotary gas meters.Motion Mechanics based: Coriolis meters.Differential Pressure based: Orifice meters.While the external appearance of most gas meters may be quite alike, they work on different types of mechanisms: Gas Meter MechanismsĮach natural gas meter has its own benefits and limitations and excels in different types of applications. Equipped with this information, you will be able to make the best choices for your applications. Read on for an overview of the various types of gas metering devices. Depending on the application type and required level of accuracy, you may have to choose from different types of gas metering devices, including traditional gas meters or newer technologies. Gas metering devices are critical for controlling or measuring the flow of gases in pipes in a wide range of applications across the residential (utilities), commercial, and industrial sectors.
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